Indices based assessment of built-up density and urban expansion of fast growing Surat city using multi-temporal Landsat data sets     

Shahfahad  Mourya  Mukesh  Kumari  Babita  Tayyab  Mohammad  Paarcha  Aruna  Asif  Rahman  Atiqur 《GeoJournal》2021,86(4):1607-1623

GeoJournal - The population growth in urban areas leads to the expansion of built-up area which leads to a number of serious problems like environmental pollution, destruction of urban ecology,...  相似文献   

Multiple-tracers-aided surface-subsurface hydrological modeling for detailed characterization of regional catchment water dynamics in Kumamoto area,southern Japan     

Rahman  A. T. M. Sakiur  Hosono  Takahiro  Tawara  Yasuhiro  Fukuoka  Youichi  Hazart  Aurelien  Shimada  Jun 《Hydrogeology Journal》2021,29(5):1885-1904

Hydrogeology Journal - Integrated watershed modeling techniques have been applied in recent years to examine surface and subsurface interactions. Model performance is often evaluated by best fit of...  相似文献   

Transforming local natural resource conflicts to cooperation in a changing climate: Bangladesh and Nepal lessons     

Parvin Sultana  Paul Michael Thompson  Naya Sharma Paudel  Madan Pariyar  Mujibur Rahman 《Climate Policy》2019,19(6):S94-S106

ABSTRACT

Since the 1990s, climate change impact discourse has highlighted potential for large scale violent conflicts. However, the role of climate stresses on local conflicts over natural resources, the role of policies and adaptation in these conflicts, and opportunities to enhance cooperation have been neglected. These gaps are addressed in this paper using evidence from participatory action research on 79 cases of local collective action over natural resources that experience conflicts in Bangladesh and Nepal. Climate trends and stresses contributed to just under half of these conflict cases. Nine factors that enable greater cooperation and transformation of conflict are identified. Participatory dialogue and negotiation processes, while not sufficient, changed understanding, attitudes and positions of actors. Many of the communities innovated physical measures to overcome natural resource constraints, underlying conflict, and/or institutional reforms. These changes were informed by improving understanding of resource limitations and indigenous knowledge. Learning networks among community organizations encouraged collective action by sharing successes and creating peer pressure. Incentives for cooperation were important. For example, when community organizations formally permitted excluded traditional resource users to access resources, those actors complied with rules and paid towards management costs. However, elites were able to use policy gaps to capture resources with changed characteristics due to climate change. In most of the cases where conflict persisted, power, policy and institutional barriers prevented community-based organizations from taking up potential adaptations and innovations. Policy frameworks recognizing collective action and supporting flexible innovation in governance and adaptation would enable wider transformation of natural resource conflicts into cooperation.

Key policy insights

• Climate stresses, policy gaps and interventions can all worsen local natural resource conflicts.

• Sectoral knowledge and technical approaches to adaptation are open to elite capture and can foster conflicts.

• Many local natural resource conflicts can be resolved but this requires an enabling environment for participatory dialogue, external facilitation, flexible responses to context, and recognition of disadvantaged stakeholder interests.

• Transforming conflict to greater cooperation mostly involves social and institutional changes, so adaptation policies should focus less on physical works and more on enabling factors such as negotiation, local institutions, knowledge, and incentives.

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GIS‐evaluation of two slope‐calculation methods regarding their suitability in slope analysis using high‐precision LiDAR digital elevation models     

M. Irfan Ashraf  Zhengyong Zhao  Charles P.‐A. Bourque  Fan‐Rui Meng 《水文研究》2012,26(8):1119-1133

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Limitations of Monitoring Wells for the Detection and Quantification of Petroleum Products in Soils and Aquifers     

Abdul S. Abdul  Sheila F. Kia  Thomas L. Gibson 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1989,9(2):90-99

Theoretical analysis and laboratory column experiments were carried out to investigate the conditions required for petroleum products (oil) to flow into a well installed through a sandy porous medium contaminated with the oil. The results indicated that oil would flow into a well only after a layer of "free oil" is formed in the adjacent porous medium. Because significant quantities of oil could be stored in the porous medium under the influence of capillary suction prior to the formation of the zone of free oil, the presence of oil in a well would indicate an advanced stage of oil contamination of the subsurface. While monitoring wells could be used to delineate the extent of the free-oil plume and the plume of dissolved petroleum constituents, they are not useful for delineating the extent of capillary held oil.
The experimental results also indicated that the ratio of the oil-layer thickness in the well to that in the porous medium is not a constant as is sometimes assumed in practice. Further, estimates of the oil thickness in the medium based on the oil thickness in wells and on capillary properties measured in the laboratory were sensitive to the values of the parameters used in these estimates. The measured thickness of the oil layer in a monitoring well alone may not yield reliable estimates of the amount of oil in the subsurface, and assuming that the oil-thickness ratio is a constant can lead to inadequate site assessments and inappropriate remedial plans.  相似文献   

Irrigation and farm water management in Pakistan     

Mushtaqur Rahman 《GeoJournal》1993,31(4):363-371

Present irrigation practices and water management techniques in Pakistan are the result of a long process. Through a cultural-historical approach, generic relationships of some present patterns are traced to their origin. The origin of irrigation was probably in small alluvial valleys of Southwest Asia, which is also considered the hearth of seed agriculture. From a simple beginning the irrigation and water management systems have become extremely complicated to support Pakistan's largest irrigation network in the world.Part of the research for this paper was done at the Department of Geography, South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany during the summer of 1992.  相似文献   

A statistical approach to evaluate debris avalanche activity in central Virginia     

Kirk Auer  Abdul Shakoor 《Engineering Geology》1993,33(4):305-321

On August 19–20, 1969, the heavy rainfall associated with hurricane Camille triggered numerous debris avalanches in the Blue Ridge Province of central Virginia. Most slope movements occurred in Nelson County in an area that is predominantly underlain by Precambrian granites, gneisses, and schists. This study was undertaken to determine which geotechnical properties of soil and rock were important in promoting debris avalanche activity in central Virginia.

Twenty-one first-order drainage basins in Nelson County were randomly selected and classified as unstable based on their values of horizontal curvature and average gradient as measured on topographic maps. Slope orientation, total soil thickness, and soil horizon thicknesses were measured in the field. Soils from the study basins were tested for geotechnical properties including natural water content, grain-size distribution, Atterberg limits,in situ dry density, and shear strength. These geomorphic and geotechnical properties were subsequently analyzed to ascertain what significant differences existed at the 99% confidence level between three failure classes of unstable basins. Where rock outcrops were present, information regarding discontinuity type, orientation, spacing, continuity, roughness, waviness, aperture, and water quantity was obtained. Values of hand sample hardness were also procured. The role of these bedrock characteristics in determining unstable basin failure class was statistically analyzed at the 95% confidence level.

In general, the results indicate that basins classified as geomorphically unstable are particularly susceptible to debris avalanche activity if they contain coarse-grained soils with low values of plasticity index and moisture content. Geotechnical properties are also found to be significantly different when analyzed with respect to the underlying bedrock unit, which helps explain why basins underlain by certain bedrock units failed more often than basins underlain by other bedrock units. Differences in topography, due to the nature of the underlying bedrock unit, also explain the frequency of debris avalanche occurrences in a given bedrock unit. Characteristics of bedrock discontinuities do not appear to have influenced drainage basin failure.  相似文献   

Hydrobiology of some solar salt works in India     

Abdul A. Rahaman  E. Sosamma  M. Ambikadevi 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1993,2(1):1-15

The hydrobiology of two Indian solar salt works was investigated. A salient feature was variability in physico-chemical and biological characteristics. The filamentous cyanophyceansLyngbya majuscula andOscillatoria salina and the chlorophyceanXenococcus aceervatus were the major primary producers. Significant fauna were protozoans, rotifers and copepods.Artemia was present in only one set of solar salt pans, where it was dominant. The study illustrates the importance ofArtemia in the biological management of solar salt works. This paper is dedicated to Thiru. K. Ayyaru Vandayar, Member, Governing body, A.V.V.M. Sri Pshpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, on his sixtieth birthday  相似文献   

Gravity field and structures of the Rajmahal Hills: Example of the Paleo-Mesozoic continental margin in eastern India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Manoj Mukhopadhyay  R.K. Verma  M.H. Ashraf   《Tectonophysics》1986,131(3-4)

A narrow strip of Gondwana basins separates the Rajmahal traps from the peninsular shield in eastern India. This part of the shield margin is associated with a conspicuous gravity high of 100 km wavelength and 48 mGal amplitude over an area of 25,000 km². Second order residual anomalies due to Gondwana sediments and traps are superposed on this wider gravity high. Gravity interpretation, partly constrained by seismic data, suggests that the wider high is caused by a denser metamorphic layer (amphibolite and granulite) up to 3.5 km thick. The metamorphic layer also extends below the eastern Rajmahal hills where the Gondwanas, traps and younger sediments have covered it. The Gondwanas are downfaulted against the shield edge and are preserved over an irregular basin floor whose deepest part underlies the eastern flank of the Rajmahal hills adjacent to the Bengal basin. It is inferred that the Gondwanas were deposited over a rifted and highly faulted shield margin that was intruded by the Rajmahal traps nearly 100 m.y. ago. High-grade metamorphism along the shield edge presumably preceded the continental rifting, perhaps occurring in the Precambrian as a part of the Eastern Ghats orogeny, along the east coast of India.  相似文献   

Korrelation der Sporenzonen der Oberen Trias und des Jura im Mittleren Orient und in Süddeutschland     

Prof. Dr. Hans-Joachim Schweitzer  Dr. Abdul Rahman Ashraf  Dipl. Geol. Michael Weiss 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1987,76(3):923-943

Zusammenfassung Bei der sporenstratigraphischen Gliederung des mittleren Mesozoikums im Mittleren Orient konnten vom Nor bis zur Unteren Kreide 6 Sporenzonen unterschieden werden: Unterkreide:Ischyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus — Cicatricosisporites-Zone Malm:Ischyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus-Zone Dogger:Ischyosporites variegatus — Duplexisporites problematicus-Zone Lias:Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus-Zone Rät:Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Ricciisporites tuberculatus-Zone Nor:Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Cyclotriletes oligogranifer-ZoneVergleichende Untersuchungen ergaben, daß diese Sporenzonen auch auf Süddeutschland übertragbar sind und den faunistischen Grenzen entsprechen. Nur die sporenstratigraphische Festlegung der Nor/Rätsowie der Dogger/Malm- und der Malm/Unterkreide-Grenze bedürfen noch der Verifizierung.

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In the middle Mesozoic of the Middle East 6 spore-assoziations could be distinguished from the Norian to the Lower Cretaceous: Lower Cretaceous:Ischyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus — Cicatricosisporites zone Upper Jurassic:Ischyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus zone Middle Jurassic:Ischyosporites variegatus — Duplexisporites problematicus zone Lower Jurassic:Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus zone Rhaetian:Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Ricciisporites tuberculatus zone Norian:Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Cyclotriletes oligogranifer zone.The interregional validity and the correspondance of these spore zones with the faunistic boundaries could be substantiated in equivalent sequences in Southern Germany. However, the palynological definition of the Norian/Rhaetian, Middle/Upper Jurassic and Jurassic/Cretaceous boundaries have still to be confirmed in other regions since suitable sections have not been available in Southern Germany.

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Résumé Dans le Mésozoïque moyen du Moyen Orient, six zones de spores peuvent être distinguées du Norien au Crétacé inférieur: Crétacé inférieur: Zone àIschyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus — Cicatricosisporites Jurassique supérieur: Zone àIschyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus Jurassique moyen: Zone àIschyosporites variegatus — Duplexisporites problematicus Jurassique inférieur: Zone àConcavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus Réthien: Zone àConcavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Ricciisporites tuberculatus Norien: Zone àConcavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Cyclotriletes oligogranifer Une étude comparative montre que les mêmes zones de spores existent en Allemagne du sud et qu'elles correspondent aux limites faunistiques. Toutefois, les limites Norien/ Rhétien, Dogger/Malm et Malm/Crétacé inférieur demandent à être vérifiées.

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- : : Ischyosporites variegatus —Rouseisporites laciniatus — Cicatricosisporites : Ischyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus : Ischyosporites variegatus — Duplexisporites problematicus : Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus : Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Ricciisporites tuberculatus : Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Cyclotriletes oligogranifer. , , . , /, / / .

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